The home of fiction author Val Gryphin…

March 30, 2008

Memoirs, part deux

I decided to revisit this topic for two reasons. One, on my last post on memoirs I received this comment.

To clarify about Laura Albert, she herself was an abused child and she never used AIDS to sell her books. Please try to find a reliable source for that misconception, it does not exist.

What she did was an articulation of her very real experience with trauma and childhood abuse.


Then, I found yet another false memoir story, “Love and Consequences,” in which

“Margaret B. Jones writes about growing up as a half-white, half-Native American girl in South-Central Los Angeles in the foster home of Big Mom. One of her foster brothers, she writes, was gunned down by Crips gang members outside their home.

Jones also writes of carrying illegal guns and selling drugs for the Bloods gang” (cnn.com)


Interesting…except for the fact that she’s white, upper class, private schooled, and never been in foster care. Yeah. This is not a memoir, this is fiction. This was such a gross deception that there is no way that she can even pretend it is real.

Now, about Albert. After I received that comment, I went back and did some research on Laura Albert, also known as J.T. LeRoy. While her books were at first marketed as fiction, they were soon “revealed” to be confessional fiction based on his tempestuous life , which told the reader that they had some grounding in fiction.

An elaborate back story quickly unfolded in reviews and articles. This was the life the author had lived as a young boy. He eventually ended up wandering the streets of San Francisco, and was rescued by a doctor and sympathetic writers and editors, who encouraged him to put down his hellish life on the page. (Salon)


Not only did Albert pretend that she was LeRoy when she was writing, but to her editors, readers, and colleagues as well. And she took it beyond just playing the character - she went so far as to talk about suicide and going back to drugs with an editor friend as well and noted sex writer Susie Bright who said,

“This really breathy, tearful, high-pitched voice would say, ‘I just don’t believe in myself.’ Being desperate, being like, ‘I hate myself.’ It wasn’t comical. You felt like you really had to get into therapist mode and give him reason to hope.” (Salon)


In addition to duping writers and publishers, she also wrote non-fiction articles, such as when she wrote an article about going to Paris Disneyland for the New York Times. In it she says,

When I was a child, my mother worked the strip clubs outside Orlando, Fla., and weeding out the Disney dollars from legitimate tender stuffed into her G-string was my job. The Disney money annoyed her because no matter how hard she tried, for any exchange rate, her dealers would not accept it. I was thrilled, and hid it, my stash for secret trips to Disney World with some of her customers. As a teenager, I hustled on the streets of Los Angeles. (NYTimes)


This was more than just a nom de plume. Albert deliberately deceived everyone in order to market her book. As far as the AIDS claim goes, Albert said,

Originally I felt that he might die of AIDS, but that’s not in any of the books. I didn’t deny the rumors, but I never made any statement intended to further JT’s popularity by claiming he had AIDS. (The Paris Review)


She let the rumors build without correcting them, again for the publicity and furthering the mystique.

“People were generous because they thought they were helping an H.I.V.-positive former drug addict, ex-prostitute, who used the hardships of his life to make art,” said Ira Silverberg, JT Leroy’s former literary agent and an early champion. (NYTimes).


So yes, I think that Laura Albert’s deception was fraud. It doesn’t matter in terms of this hoax that her childhood was abusive - she could have written fiction inspired by her life, but by claiming to be the character in the books she turned the focus from her writing, to her persona, and started lying to her readers.

March 2, 2008

Memoirs - factual or fiction?

Pretty much everyone and their brother have heard of James Frey, author of the memoir A Million Little Pieces. Frey marketed the book as a memoir of his life, and then had it revealed that he had made quite a bit up and embellished a lot more. There were (are) two sides to this debate. One, the side that I am on, held that Frey deceived the reader by passing off fiction as truth. I feel very strongly about this - if I am reading something that I believe to be true, I do not want to find out that in fact part of is not. I feel that this is breaking a promise on the part of the writer to be truthful with the reader. The other camp, which is smaller, says that it really doesn’t matter if part of it was made up, because they don’t expect a memoir to be 100% truthful, as memory is subjective.

As a writer, I feel that if I am writing fiction I can write whatever I want within the guidelines of slander, libel, thinly veiled abuse of a real person, etc., and people will know that it is a made-up narrative. And when I write non-fiction it needs to be factual or I will loose the readers’ faith in my account. Obviously it impossible to be totally and completely exact, as memory is subjective, but an author needs to get as close true the facts as possible - and when a writer deliberately manipulates facts, I feel they are being deceitful towards their readers and are breaking the bond of trust that exists between them.

The school of thought that some tweaking is ok gets murkier the more cases you examine. What about J.T. LeRoy, the supposedly teenage male hustler who was in fact the imaginary product of Laura Albert? Albert not only went so far as to pretend to be J.T. in public, but she carried out this charade for nine years total. She played on people’s emotions and feelings about abused children, AIDS, prostitution and other vulnerable subjects. So, is this really considered acceptable for a memoir? Does the amount of untruths diferenciate it from A Million Little Pieces?

Now another memoir has been uncovered as fictional. Misha: A Memoire of the Holocaust Years, a best selling memoir by Misha Defonseca that was also made into movie has been revealed to be a hoax. In both this and Albert’s cases there is almost nothing personally truthful about in their writing, and therefore their books are works of fiction, not memoirs, and in my mind that means they deliberately deceived their readers.

So what differentiates Defonseca and Albert from Frey? In my mind not much. A little lie or a big lie is still a lie, and if I’m reading something non-fictional, I don’t want to be lied to at all. I have to admit, these and other cases have in a large part turned me off of memoirs - as a reader I place a certain trust in an author to be honest with me about what they are presenting, and in my reading as in life, I don’t like being lied to.

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